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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa If you're a coffee lover you're likely to know that different types of beans can produce different flavors. Find out about four of the most widely used varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa. Excelsa beans are a type of Liberica that is only grown in Southeast Asia. They have a more fruity and tarter taste profile, and are often added to coffee blends to enhance the flavor. Arabica Arabica is the most sought-after coffee worldwide and accounts for 75% of the global coffee bean production. Arabica beans are more mild and sweeter than Robusta, and are available in a variety of flavours. The flavor and aroma of coffee is affected by the conditions in which it is grown as well as the methods of processing used. The word “coffee” actually comes from the Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds that grow in bright red berries. It is believed ancient Ethiopian shepherds found that their goats were stimulated by eating these berries. The cultivation of coffee quickly spread all over the world. Coffee beans can thrive at high altitudes and flourish in cold temperatures and plenty of rain. This is one of the main reasons that Arabica is regarded as the best tasting type of coffee. Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on the ethical source of arabica beans, focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique signature coffees, which can be used in many different brewing techniques. Blending gives you control over the aroma, flavor, body, and acidity of the coffee. It is often preferred in order to achieve an even and consistent taste that appeals to a larger market. Robusta Robusta beans are the second most popular kind of coffee bean in the world. They have a higher caffeine content per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to disease and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are naturally occurring antioxidants. These acids can cause oxidation in the coffee's brewing process and cause undesirable flavors. The plant itself is more robust than arabica, able thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It is tolerant of warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It is faster growing and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, making it a more cost-effective crop to cultivate. While it may seem counterintuitive Robusta beans are typically combined with arabica to create coffee blends. If you've noticed the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya on a coffee bag then it's likely that there's some robusta as well. Although some roasters only use arabica beans, the majority use blend the two varieties in order to cut costs and maintain the quality. In order to preserve the integrity of the flavor, it's important to choose a high-quality bean from a source you are confident with. The best method to achieve this is to purchase your beans directly from the farmer. Liberica Liberica beans have a shape similar to a football which is why they are different from other coffee beans. They have an aroma that is floral, fruity and smokey. They are often added to other coffee bean types to give them a richer and more robust taste. Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They can thrive in low altitudes, and they can tolerate humid, hot climates. They are also more resistant to disease than Arabica or Robusta. 500g coffee beans make them ideal for growing at home. It is possible to purchase the seeds on the internet from several sources, however it is preferred to purchase them from local producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica coffee plants include fertile deep volcanic soils with moderately acidic pH and adequate annual rainfall. Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa, which was once thought to be a separate species, but was re-classified as a subspecies of Liberica. These coffee beans are elongated ovals that grow on large 20-30-foot coffee plants that are located at medium altitudes. Their distinctive flavor is tart and sour, which makes them a popular choice for blends in the home. They have a less pronounced aroma and higher caffeine levels than Arabica or Robusta but still have a unique depth of flavor. Excelsa Excelsa coffee beans aren't as widely used as Arabica and Robusta, although they're fourth popular. They were actually regarded as to be a different species of coffee up until 2006, when they were reclassified to become a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Nowadays, they're grown mostly in Southeast Asia and account for 7 percent of the world's production of coffee. The beans are distinctive with a teardrop-shaped shape and possess a dark, mysterious flavor. These beans are commonly used to give blends more body and a rich tart taste of ripened fruits. Arabica beans are the most popular, and are renowned for having a a sweeter taste. They thrive in warm, tropical environments and at high altitudes. They also have a little of acidity. If properly roasted and brewed they can be a bit sweet with hints of chocolate, nuts, or even fruit. Robusta is the second most-loved coffee worldwide, and is responsible for 40% of the coffee consumed in the world. These beans are smaller and more round however they have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They are also more bitter than the other two varieties and have an earthy, woody flavor. After having learned about the four most popular varieties of brew, it's time to choose your favorite brew. If you prefer an elegant and delicate taste, choose an arabica bean or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.